Una perspectiva constructivista del desarrollo tecnológico de las empresas en el ecosistema productivo algorítmico

José Ramón Vilana Arto; Ignasi Gozalo Salellas

doi:10.48160/18517072re62.913

Authors

José Ramón Vilana Arto Departamento de Humanidades y Comunicación, Facultad de Humanidades, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, España. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7165-3408
Ignasi Gozalo Salellas Departamento de Humanidades y Comunicación, Facultad de Humanidades, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-8036

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48160/18517072re62.913

Keywords:

captology, cloud computing, servitization, productive ecosystems, algorithmic capitalism, political economy of technology

Abstract

The improvements brought about by the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in business organizations are conditioned by the sociocultural framework within which they are embedded, which we refer to as “productive ecosystems”. Productive ecosystems operate as complex systems composed of four agents—technology, management models, prevailing forms of power, and workers’ subjectivity—that interact through reciprocal influences without any single element acting as a clear protagonist. The model distinguishes three ideal types of productive ecosystems—Fordist, post-Fordist, and algorithmic—and analyzes how technological development within firms is embedded in the algorithmic productive ecosystem. This ecosystem is characterized by new customer value propositions, such as servitization (Product as a Service), as well as by the monitoring and control of workers and users through captological tools. The paper’s main contribution lies in the systemic articulation of these four agents, which are often examined separately, highlighting their co-constitutive character and the pervasive influence of capital’s accumulative drive.

References

Arruñada, B. y X. H. Vázquez (2006), “When your contract manufacturer becomes your competitor”, Harvard Business Review, 84, (9), pp. 135-145.

Atlas Copco (s./f.), AIRPlan: contrato integral para suministro de aire comprimido, Atlas Copco. https://www.atlascopco.com/es-es/compressors/service/plans/air-plan

Bahlmann, C. (s./f.), Putting the AI on rails, Siemens Mobility. https://www.mobility.siemens.com/global/en/company/thought-leadership-stories/putting-the-ai-on-rails.html

Berlin, I. (1988), “Dos conceptos de libertad”, en Berlin, I., Cuatro ensayos sobre la libertad, Madrid, Alianza, pp. 187-243.

Bigelow, S. J. (2018), “What does GPU hardware do in the data center?”, TechTarget, 13 de noviembre. https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/answer/What-does-GPU-hardware-do-in-the-data-center

Bijker, W. E., T. P. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.) (1987), The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Boltanski, L. y E. Chiapello (2002), El nuevo espíritu del capitalismo, Madrid, Akal.

Cardon, D., J.-P. Cointet y A. Mazières (2018), “Neurons spike back: The invention of inductive machines and the artificial intelligence controversy”, Réseaux, 21, (5), 173-220. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.211.0173

Castells, M. (1996), La sociedad en red: Economía, sociedad y cultura, Vol. 1, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.

Ceruzzi, P. E. (2003), A history of modern computing, 2ª ed., Cambridge y Londres, The MIT Press.

Chan, J. (2013), “The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China's new working class”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 28, (82), pp. 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12008

Chandler, A. D. (1980), “The growth of the transnational industrial firm in the United States and the United Kingdom: A comparative analysis”, The Economic History Review, 33, (3), pp. 396-410.

Christensen, C. M. (1997), The Innovator's Dilemma: When new technologies cause great firms to fail, Boston, Harvard Business School Press.

Christensen, C. M. (2006), “What Customers Want From your Products”, Working Knowledge, Harvard Business School. https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/what-customers-want-from-your-products

Christensen, C. M. et al. (2016), Competing against luck: The story of innovation and customer choice, Nueva York, Harper Business.

Coase, R. H. (1937), “The nature of the firm”, Economica, 4, (16), pp. 386-405.

Crawford, K. (2023), Atlas de IA: Poder, política y costes planetarios de la inteligencia artificial, Barcelona, Ned Ediciones.

Cripps, H. et al. (2020), “The use of Twitter for innovation in business markets”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 38, (5), pp. 587-601. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-06-2019-0349

Dreyfus, H. (2007), “Why Heideggerian AI failed and how fixing it would require making it more Heideggerian”, Artificial Intelligence, 171, (18), pp. 1137-1160.

Fogg, B. J. (2002), Persuasive technology: Using computers to change what we think and do, San Francisco, Morgan Kaufmann.

Gardner, H. (1985), The mind’s new science: a history of the cognitive revolution, Nueva York, Basic Books.

Gilder, G. (2006), “The information factories”, Wired, 1° de octubre. https://www.wired.com/2006/10/cloudware/

Hamdaqa, M. y L. Tahvildari (2012), “Cloud computing uncovered: A research landscape”, Advances in Computers, 86, pp. 41-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396535-6.00002-8

Han, B.-C. (2021), Psicopolítica, Barcelona, Herder.

Hoecklin, P. (2016), “To the point”, TRUMPF Express, (1/16), p. 5. https://www.trumpf.com/filestorage/TRUMPF_US/Corporate/Corporate_Brochures_and_publications/Express-Issue-012016.pdf

Holt, D. B. (2002), “Why do brands cause trouble? A dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding”, Journal of Consumer Research, 29, (1), pp. 70-90. https://doi.org/10.1086/339922

Kahneman, D. (2012), Pensar rápido, pensar despacio, Barcelona, Debate.

Keller, K. L. (2013), Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity, 4ª ed., Harlow, Pearson.

Kim, J. y W. E. Liu (2023), “Airbnb purchase intentions: How familiarity and social media impacts millennials”, Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism, 2, (2), pp. 183-202. https://doi.org/10.5038/2771-5957.2.2.1028

Klein, N. (2001), No logo: El poder de las marcas, Barcelona, Paidós.

Kotler, P. y K. L. Keller (2016), Marketing management, Harlow, Pearson.

Krizhevsky, A., I. Sutskever y G. E. Hinton (2012), “ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 25, pp. 1097-1105. https://papers.nips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf

Kuhn, T. S. (2006), La estructura de las revoluciones científicas, 3ª ed., México D. F., Fondo de Cultura Económica.

López Mondéjar, L. (2024), Sin relato: Atrofia de la capacidad narrativa y crisis de la subjetividad, Barcelona, Anagrama.

Maharani, D. y T. N. Mursitama (2023), “Implementing ethical 'code of work ethics': A case study of Apple and Foxconn supply chain”, E3S Web of Conferences, 426, Article 02152. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342602152

Michelin. (2021), Michelin in Motion 2030, Clermont-Ferrand, Michelin. https://www.michelin.com/en/group/michelin-in-motion-strategy

Morin, E. (1994), Introducción al pensamiento complejo, Barcelona, Gedisa.

Negri, A. y M. Hardt, (2004), Multitud: Guerra y democracia en la era del Imperio, Buenos Aires, Debate.

Norton, B. (2024), “China is 'world's sole manufacturing superpower', with 35% of global output”, Geopolitical Economy Report, 31 de enero. https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2024/01/31/china-world-manufacturing-superpower-production/

O'Connor, S. (2016), “When your boss is an algorithm”, Financial Times, 8 de septiembre. https://www.ft.com/content/10ef33a8-70d3-11e6-a0c9-1365ce54b926

Pasquinelli, M. (2023), The eye of the master: A social history of artificial intelligence, Londres, Verso.

Piccoli, G. y R. T. Watson (2004), “Strategic alignment of IT and business: A conceptual framework”, International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 3, (2), pp. 177-194.

Piraghaj, S. F. et al. (2017), “A survey and taxonomy of energy-efficient resource management techniques in platform-as-a-service cloud”, en Chen, J., Y. Zhang y R. Gottschalk (eds.), Handbook of research on end-to-end cloud computing architecture design, Hershey, IGI Global, pp. 410-454.

Porter, M. E. (1996), “What is strategy?”, Harvard Business Review, 74, (6), pp. 61-78.

Rossman, J. (2014), The Amazon way: 14 leadership principles behind the world's most disruptive company, North Charleston, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Rouvroy, A. y T. Berns (2013), “Gouvernementalité algorithmique et perspectives d'émancipation: Le disparate comme condition d'individuation par la relation?”, Réseaux, 177, (1), pp. 163-196. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.177.0163

Sadin, É. (2020), La inteligencia artificial o el desafío del siglo: Anatomía de un antihumanismo radical, Buenos Aires, Caja Negra.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1942), Capitalism, socialism, and democracy, Nueva York, Harper & Row.

Servigne, P. y R. Stevens (2020), Colapsología: El calentamiento global y el colapso de nuestra civilización, Barcelona, Arpa Editores.

Skinner, B. F. (1938), The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis, Nueva York, Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Srnicek, N. (2018), Capitalismo de plataformas, Buenos Aires, Caja Negra.

Srnicek, N. y A. Williams (2017), Inventar el futuro: Poscapitalismo y un mundo sin trabajo, Barcelona, México D. F., Buenos Aires y Nueva York, Malpaso.

Susser, D., B. Roessler y H. Nissenbaum (2019), “Online manipulation: Hidden influences in a digital world”, Georgetown Law Technology Review, 4, (1), pp. 1-45.

Thaler, R. H. y C. R. Sunstein (2008), Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness, Londres, Penguin Books.

Toffler, A. (1980), The third wave, Nueva York, William Morrow.

Tronti, M. (2001), Obreros y capital, Madrid, Akal.

Varoufakis, Y. (2024), Tecnofeudalismo: el sigiloso sucesor del capitalismo, Barcelona, Deusto.

Wang, T. y B. Jiang (2021), “Understanding the manufacturing plant of Foxconn: Global visions and local practices in the labor regime of China”, en Jiang, B. (ed.), Landscape empowerment, Singapur, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2067-9_2

Weber, M. (2002), Economía y sociedad: Esbozo de sociología comprensiva, México D. F., Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Wood, A. J. (2021), Algorithmic management: Consequences for work organisation and working conditions, Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology, (2021/07), Sevilla, Joint Research Centre-European Commission.

Yeung, K. (2017), "’Hypernudge’: Big Data as a mode of regulation by design”, Information, Communication&Society, 20, (1), pp. 118-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1186713

Zuboff, S. (2022), La era del capitalismo de la vigilancia: La lucha por un futuro humano frente a las nuevas fronteras del poder, Barcelona, Paidós.