Modelo de alfabetización digital crítica desde la perspectiva de Estudios Sociales de Ciencia y Tecnología

José Miguel Samaniego

doi:10.48160/18517072re60.373

Autores/as

José Miguel Samaniego Universidad de Salamanca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-4697

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48160/18517072re60.373

Palabras clave:

tecnología digital, cts, alfabetización digital, alfabetización crítica, alfabetismo sociomaterial

Resumen

En este artículo se propone un modelo de alfabetización digital, elaborado con perspectivas de los Estudios Sociales de Ciencia y Tecnología (CTS). Para ello se realiza una lectura difractiva de los alfabetismos digitales, particularmente de las vertientes crítica y sociomaterial, desde la óptica de las siguientes ramas de CTS: Construcción Social de la Tecnología, Estudios de Infraestructura, Teoría Actor-Red, y Semiótica Material. Cada lectura se fundamenta con estudios de caso de CTS sobre tecnologías digitales y digitalidad, lo que da como resultado la síntesis de un modelo de alfabetización crítica. Dicho modelo está compuesto por cuatro alfabetismos que se han denominado: construcciones, infraestructuras, traducciones y patrones.

Citas

Abbate, J. (1999), Inventing the Internet, Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Allhutter, D. (2019), "Of “Working Ontologists” and “High-Quality Human Components”: The Politics of Semantic Infrastructures", en Vertesi, J. y D. Ribes (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 326–348), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Armstrong, D. (2019), "The social life of data points: Antecedents of digital technologies." Social Studies of Science, 49, (1), pp. 102–117.

Bali, M. (2019), "Reimagining Digital Literacies from a Feminist Perspective in a Postcolonial Context", Media and Communication, 7, (2), pp. 69–81. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1935

Barad, K. (1999), "Agential realism: Feminist interventions in understanding scientific practices" en Biagioli, M. (ed.), The science studies reader (pp. 1–11), Abingdon, Routledge.

Barad, K. (2014), "Diffracting Diffraction: Cutting Together-Apart", Parallax, 20, (3), pp. 168–187.

Bellacasa, M. P. (2011), "Matters of care in technoscience: Assembling neglected things" Social Studies of Science, 41, (1), pp. 85–106.

Bhatt, I., y R. Roock (2014), "Capturing the sociomateriality of digital literacy events", Research in Learning Technology, 21, (4), pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21281

Bijker, W. (2010), "How is Technology Made? That is the Question!", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, (1), pp. 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bep068

Boczkowski, P., y L. Lievrouw (2008), "Bridging STS and Communication Studies: Scholarship on Media and Information Technologies", en Hackett, E.; O. Amsterdamska, M. Lynch, y J. Wajcman (eds.), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (pp. 949–977), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Bowker, G.; K. Baker, F. Millerand y D. Ribes (2009), "Toward Information Infrastructure Studies: Ways of Knowing in a Networked Environment" en Hunsinger, J; L. Klastrup, y M. Allen (eds.), International Handbook of Internet Research (pp. 97–117), Nueva York, Springer.

Buckingham, D. (2008), "Defining Digital Literacy: What Do Young People Need to Know About Digital Media?" en Lankshear, C. y M. Knobel (eds.), Digital Literacies (pp. 73–90), New York, Peter Lang.

Callon, M. (1986), "The Sociology of an Actor-Network: The Case of the Electric Vehicle" en Callon, M.; J. Law, y A. Rip (eds.), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology (pp. 19–34). Londres, Macmillan.

Camus, A., y D. Vinck (2019), "Unfolding Digital Materiality: How Engineers Struggle to Shape Tangible and Fluid Objects" en Vertesi J. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 17–41). Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Clarke, J. (2002), "A new kind of symmetry: Actor-network theories and the new literacy studies", Studies in the Education of Adults, 34, (2), pp. 107–122.

Crawford, K. (2015), "Can an Algorithm be Agonistic? Ten Scenes from Life in Calculated Publics", Science, Technology, & Human Values, 41, (1), pp. 77–92.

Daniels, K., K. Bower, C. Burnett, H. Escott, A. Hatton, E. Ehiyazaryan-White y J. Monkhouse (2019), "Early years teachers and digital literacies: Navigating a kaleidoscope of discourses", Education and Information Technologies, 25, (4), pp. 2415-2426 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10047-9

Darvin, R. (2017), "Language, Ideology, and Critical Digital Literacy", en Thorne, S. y S. May (eds.), Language, Education and Technology (pp. 1–14). Cham, Springer International Publishing.

Dezuanni, M. (2015), "The building blocks of digital media literacy: Socio-material participation and the production of media knowledge", Journal of Curriculum Studies, 47, (3), pp. 416–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2014.966152

Downey, G. (2014), "Making Media Work: Time, Space, Identity, and Labor in the Analysis of Information and Communication Infrastructures", en Gillespie, T.; P. Boczkowski y K. Foot (eds.), Media Technologies (pp. 141–165). Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Ford, H. y J. Wajcman (2017). "“Anyone can edit”, not everyone does: Wikipedia’s infrastructure and the gender gap", Social Studies of Science, 47, (4), pp. 511–527.

Franklin, S. (2015), Control: Digitality as Cultural Logic, Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Galloway, A. (2004), Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization, Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Gillespie, T. (2014), "The Relevance of Algorithms" en Gillespie, T.; P. Boczkowski y K. Foot (eds.), Media Technologies (pp. 167–193), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Gillespie, T.; P. Boczkowski y K. Foot (eds.) (2014), Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Godhe, A.-L. (2019), "Digital Literacies or Digital Competence: Conceptualizations in Nordic Curricula" Media and Communication, 7, (2), pp. 25–35. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1888

Gourlay, L. y M. Oliver (2013), "Beyond “the social”: Digital literacies as sociomaterial practice" en Goodfellow, R. y M. Lea (eds.), Literacy in the Digital University (pp. 79–94), Londres, Routledge.

Haraway, D. (1988), "Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective" Feminist Studies, 14, (3), pp. 575–599. https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066

Haraway, D. (2004). The Haraway Reader. Londres, Routledge.

Hawthorne, C. (2019), "Dangerous Networks: Internet Regulations as Racial Border Control in Italy" en Vertesi, J y D. Ribes (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 178–197), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Hayles, K. (2020), "Human and Machine Cultures of Reading: A Cognitive-Assemblage Approach" Modern Language Association of America, 133, (5), pp. 1225–1242.

Hinrichsen, J. y A. Coombs (2014), "The ﬁve resources of critical digital literacy: A framework for curriculum integration", Research in Learning Technology, 21, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21334

Hughes, T. (1989), "The Evolution of Large Technological Systems" en Bijker, W.; T. Hughes y T. Pinch (eds.), The Social Construction of Technological Systems (pp. 51–82). Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Huvila, I. (2012), Information Services and Digital Literacy: In Search of the Boundaries of Knowing, Oxford, Chandos Publishing.

Jackson, S. (2014), "Rethinking Repair" en Gillespie, T.; P. Boczkowski y K. Foot (eds.), Media Technologies (pp. 221–239), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Jasanoff, S. (ed.) (2004), States of Knowledge: The co-production of science and social order, Londres, Routledge.

Jensen, M. (2019), "Digital Literacy in a Sociomaterial Perspective" en Kidmore End (ed.), European Conference on e-Learning (pp. 659–661).

Kaiser, B. y K. Thiele (2014). "Diffraction: Onto-Epistemology, Quantum Physics and the Critical Humanities", Parallax, 20, (3), pp. 165–167.

Kline, R. y T. Pinch (1996), "Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States", Technology and Culture, 37, (4), pp. 763–795.

Kress, G. (2003), Literacy in the New Media Age, Londres, Routledge.

Lankshear, C. y M. Knobel (eds.) (2008), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies and Practices, New York, Peter Lang.

Latour, B. (1999), "On recalling ANT" en Law, J. y J. Hassard (eds.), Actor Network Theory and After (pp. 15–25), Oxford, Blackwell.

Latour, B. (2004). "Why Has Critique Run out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern" Critical Inquiry, 30, (2), pp. 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1086/421123

Latour, B. (2005), Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory, Oxford, Oxford University Press Inc.

Law, J. (1999). After ANT: Complexity, naming and topology. en Law, J. y J. Hassard (eds.), Actor Network Theory and After (pp. 1–14), Oxford, Blackwell.

Law, J. (2009), "Actor Network Theory and Material Semiotics" en B. Turner (ed.), The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory (pp. 141–158). Hoboken, Wiley-Blackwell.

Law, J. (2017), "STS as Method" en Felt, U.; R. Fouché, C. Miller, y L. Smith-Doerr (eds.), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (pp. 31–57), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Lievrouw, L. (2014), "Materiality and Media in Communication and Technology Studies: An Unfinished Project" en Gillespie, T.; P. Boczkowski, & K. Foot (Eds.), Media Technologies (pp. 21–51), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Lohnes Watulak, S. y Kinzer, C. (2013), "Beyond Technology Skills: Toward a Framework for Critical Digital Literacies in Pre-Service Technology Education" en Ávila, J. y Zacher Pandya, J. (eds.), Critical Digital Literacies as Social Praxis (pp. 127–153), New York, Peter Lang.

Lynch, M. (1991), "Laboratory Space and the Technological Complex: An Investigation of Topical Contextures" Science in Context, 4, (1), pp. 51–78.

Madsen, A. K. (2013). "Steps Towards a Conceptualisation of Digital Institutions of Knowledge". Science, Technology & Society, 18, (1), pp. 63–74.

Martin, A. (2008), "Digital Literacy and the “Digital Society”" en Lankshear, C. y Knobel, M. (eds.), Digital Literacies (pp. 151–176), New York, Peter Lang.

Martinez, C. (2019), "Promoting critical digital literacy in the leisure-time center: Views and practices among Swedish leisure-time teachers", Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 14, (3–4), 134–146. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1891-943x-2019-03-04-04

McDougall, J.; Readman, M. y P. Wilkinson (2018), "The uses of (digital) literacy" Learning, Media and Technology, 43, (3), pp. 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2018.1462206

Michael, M. y Lupton, D. (2016), "Toward a manifesto for the “public understanding of big data”", Public Understanding of Science, 25, (1), pp. 104–116.

Mol, A. (1999), "Ontological politics: A word and some questions" en Law, J. y Hassard, J. (eds.), Actor Network Theory and After (pp. 72–89). Oxford, Blackwell.

Nichols, P. y Stornaiuolo, A. (2019), "Assembling “Digital Literacies”: Contingent Pasts, Possible Futures" Media and Communication, 7, (2), pp. 14–24. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1946

Pangrazio, L. (2016), "Reconceptualising critical digital literacy". Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37, (2), pp. 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836

Pinch, T. y W. Bijker (1984), "The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other" Social Studies of Science, 14, (3), pp. 399–441.

Postigo, H. y C. O’Donnell (2017), "The Sociotechnical Architecture of Information Networks" en Felt, U.; R. Fouché, C. Miller y L. Smith-Doerr (eds.), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (pp. 583–608), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Pötzsch, H. (2016), "Materialist Perspectives on Digital Technologies: Informing Debates on Digital Literacy and Competence" Nordicom Review, 37, (1), pp. 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2016-0006

Pötzsch, H. (2019), "Critical Digital Literacy: Technology in Education Beyond Issues of User Competence and Labour-Market Qualifications", tripleC, 17, (2), pp. 221–240. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v17i2.1093

Ribes, D. (2019), "Materiality Methodology, and Some Tricks of the Trade in the Study of Data and Specimens" en Vertesi, E. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 43–60), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Rossiter, N. (2015), "Coded Vanilla: Logistical Media and the Determination of Action", The South Atlantic Quarterly, 114, (1), pp. 135–152.

Samaniego, J. M. (2023), "A cartography of digital literacy: Conceptual categories and main issues in the theorization and study of digital literacies" Digital Education Review, 43, pp. 68–86. http://doi/10.1344/10.1344/der.2023.43.66-84

Sawyer, S.; Erickson, I. y M. Hossein Jarrahi (2019), "Infrastructural Competence" en Vertesi, E. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 267–279), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Seaver, N. (2019), "Knowing Algorithms", Vertesi, E. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 412–422), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Søby, M. (2008), "Digital Competence: From Education Policy to Pedagogy: The Norwegian Context" en Lankshear, C. y Knobel, M. (eds.), Digital Literacies (pp. 119–150). New York, Peter Lang.

Spante, M.; Sofkova Hashemi, S., M. Lundin y A. Algers (2018), "Digital competence and digital literacy in higher education research: Systematic review of concept use". Cogent Education, 5, (1), pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2018.1519143

Star, S. L. (1999), "The Ethnography of Infrastructure", American Behavioral Scientist, 43, pp. 377–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326

Stark, L. (2019), "Affect and Emotion" in digitalSTS en Vertesi, E. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 117–135), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Suchman, L. (1985), Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication, Palo Alto, Xerox Co. Palo Alto Research Centers.

Suchman, L. (2014), "Mediations and Their Others", en Gillespie, T.; Boczkowski, P. y K. Foot (eds.), Media Technologies (pp. 129–137), Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Traxler, J. (2018), "Digital literacy: A Palestinian refugee perspective", Research in Learning Technology, 26, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.1983

van Dijck, J. (2012), "Facebook and the engineering of connectivity: A multi-layered approach to social media platforms", Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 19, (2), pp. 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856512457548

Vertesi, J. (2016), "Seizing the Digital" Engaging Science, Technology, and Society, 2, (1), pp. 180–192.

Vertesi, J. (2019), "From Affordances to Accomplishments: PowerPoint and Excel at NASA" en Vertesi, J. y Ribes, D. (eds.), digitalSTS (pp. 369–392), Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Vertesi, J. y Ribes, D. (eds.) (2019), digitalSTS: A Field Guide for Science & Technology Studies, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Vertesi, J.; Ribes, D.; L. Forlano, Y. Loukissas y M. Leavitt Cohn (2017), "Engaging, Designing, and Making Digital Systems" en Felt, U.; Fouché, R.; C. Miller y L. Smith-Doerr (eds.), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (pp. 169–194). Cambridge, The MIT Press.

Wajcman, J. (2019), "The Digital Architecture of Time Management", Science, Technology, & Human Values, 44, (2), pp. 315–337.

Woolgar, S. (1990), "Configuring the User: The Case of Usability Trials", The Sociological Review, 38, (1), pp. 58–99.

Yuan, C., Wang, L., y J. Eagle (2019), "Empowering English Language Learners through Digital Literacies: Research, Complexities, and Implications" Media and Communication, 7, (2), pp. 128–136. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1912

Yue, A., Nekmat, E. y A. Beta (2019), "Digital Literacy Through Digital Citizenship: Online Civic Participation and Public Opinion Evaluation of Youth Minorities in Southeast Asia", Media and Communication, 7, (2), pp. 100–114. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1899

Zukerfeld, M.; Yansen, G., Dughera, L., Rabosto, A., Lamaletto, L., Zarauza, M., Granara, G. y P. Vannini (2024), "Digitalización, plataformización y automatización del trabajo en los sectores del software, la producción audiovisual, la docencia, el reparto y el empleo doméstico: Indagaciones preliminares y avances de investigación", Revista Latinoamericana de Antropología del Trabajo, 8, (17), pp. 1-45.